Up From Slavery Essays - Slavery, American Slaves, Abuse

Up From Slavery Up from subjection Part I 45Sl2 Subjection A slave among slaves. - - - - - Part I. I WAS brought into the world a slave on a ranch in Franklin County, Virginia. I am not exactly certain about the specific spot or accurate date of my introduction to the world, yet at any rate I speculate I more likely than not been conceived some place and sooner or later. As about as I have had the option to learn, I was brought into the world close to a go across streets post-office called Hale's Ford, and it was 1858 or 1859. I don't have the foggiest idea about the month or the day. The most punctual impressions I would now be able to review are of the ranch and the slave quarters - the last being the piece of the manor where the slaves had their lodges. My life had its start amidst the most hopeless, forlorn, and disheartening environmental factors. This was in this way, in any case, not on the grounds that my proprietors were particularly unfeeling, for they were not, as contrasted and numerous others. I was conceived in a common log lodge, around fourteen by sixteen feet square. In this lodge I lived with my mom and a sibling and sister till after the Civil War, when we were completely announced free. Of my lineage I know basically nothing. In the slave quarters, and considerably later, I heard murmured discussions among the minorities individuals of the torments which the slaves, including, almost certainly, my progenitors on my mom's side, endured in the center entry of the slave transport while being passed on from Africa to America. I have been ineffective in making sure about any data that would illuminate the historical backdrop of my family past my mom. She, I recall, had a stepbrother and a stepsister. In the times of bondage not a lot of consideration was given to family ancestry and family records - that is, dark family records. My mom, I assume, pulled in the consideration of a buyer who was subsequently my proprietor and hers. Her expansion to the slave family pulled in about as much consideration as the acquisition of another pony or dairy animals. Of my dad I know even not exactly of my mom. I don't have a clue about his name. I have heard reports such that he was a white man who lived on one of the close by estates. Whoever he was, I never knew about his taking minimal enthusiasm for me or giving in any capacity to my raising. Be that as it may, I don't criticize him. He was basically another shocking casualty of the establishment which the Nation despondently had engrafted upon it around then. The lodge was our living-place, but at the same time was utilized as the kitchen for the manor. My mom was the ranch cook. The lodge was without glass windows; it had just openings in the side which let in the light, and furthermore the cool, cold demeanor of winter. There was a way to the lodge - that is, something that was known as an entryway - however the unsure pivots by which it was hung, and the enormous splits in it, to avoid mentioning the way that it was excessively little, made the room an entirely awkward one. Notwithstanding these openings there was, in the lower right-hand corner of the room, the feline gap, - a contraption which pretty much every house or lodge in Virginia had during the prior to the war time frame. The feline gap was a square opening, around seven by eight inches, accommodated the motivation behind letting the feline go all through the house voluntarily during the night. On account of our specific lodge I would never comprehend the need for this comfo rt, since there were in any event about six different places in the lodge that would have suited the felines. There was no wooden floor in our lodge, the bare earth being utilized as a story. In the focal point of the earthen floor there was an enormous, profound opening secured with sheets, which was utilized as a spot in which to store yams throughout the winter. An impression of this potato-gap is particularly engraved upon my memory, since I review that during the way toward placing the potatoes in or taking them

Superlative Forms of Modifiers - Definition and Examples

Standout Forms of Modifiers s The standout is the structure or level of a descriptive word or verb modifier that shows the most or the least of something. Exemplifications are either set apart by the addition - estâ (as in the quickest bicycle) or recognized by the word most or least (the most troublesome activity). Nearly allâ one-syllableâ adjectives, alongside some two-syllable descriptive words, add - estâ to the base to frame the superlative. In most descriptors of two or moreâ syllables, the standout is recognized by the wordâ most or least. Not all modifiers and intensifiers have standout structures. After a standout, in or of a thing expression can be utilized to show what is being looked at (as in the tallest structure on the planet and the best a great time). Activities and Quizzes Exercise in Using the Comparative and Superlative Forms of AdjectivesPractice in Forming the Comparative and Superlative Degrees of Adverbs Models and Observations This is the saddest story I have ever heard.(Ford Maddox Ford, The Good Soldier, 1915)The [New York City] tram is a blessing to any authority of exemplifications. It has the longest rides of any metro on the planet, the greatest stations, the quickest trains, the most track, the most travelers, the most cops. It likewise has the filthiest trains, the most strange spray painting, the noisiest wheels, the craziest travelers, the most out of control crimes.(Paul Theroux, Subterranean Gothic. Granta, 1984)[O]f all types of oppression, the least appealing and most obscene is the oppression of minor wealth.(Theodore Roosevelt, Theodore Roosevelt: An Autobiography, 1913)Bart Simpson: This is the most noticeably terrible day of my life.Homer Simpson: The most exceedingly awful day of your life so far.(The Simpsons Movie, 2007)In one second, with no past preparing or childhood, he had become the wettest man in Worcestershire.​​ (P.G. Wodehouse, Very Good, Jeeves, 1930)I reac ted in what I thought was the most truthfulor least untruthfulmanner, by saying no.(James R. Clapper, Director of National Intelligence, clarifying why he told Congress in March 2013 that the National Security Agency doesnt purposefully gather information on a huge number of Americans) To the man who adores workmanship for the good of its own, it is much of the time in its least significant and lowliest appearances that the quickest joy is to be derived.(Arthur Conan Doyle)[T]he paper business, in spite of its numerous defects, figured out how to do a great deal of good. What's more, it utilized, in its newsrooms, the sharpest, most focused, most entertaining, quirkiest, generally skeptical and simultaneously optimistic gathering of fringe crazy individuals Ive ever known.(Dave Barry, Ill Mature When Im Dead. Berkley, 2010)It is ending up being the most delightful, generally calm, biggest, generally liberal, sky-vaulted summer Ive ever observed or knowninordinately blue, with greener leaves and taller trees than I can recollect, and the sound of the lawnmowers all over this valley is a sound I could murmur to until the end of time. (Nicholson Baker, The Anthologist. Simon Schuster, 2009)The most prominent revelation of my age is that a person can adjust his life by changing his mentalities of mind. (William James) Twofold Comparatives and Superlatives Speakers of vernacular tongues regularly utilize twofold comparatives and exemplifications, for example, increasingly higher and generally quickest. Albeit such developments may appear to be excess or even nonsensical, as a general rule both norm and nonstandard assortments of all dialects are packed with such developments. In English the repetitive similar goes back to the 1500s. Before this, in Old and Middle English, additions, as opposed to a first more or most, quite often denoted the near and standout types of modifiers and intensifiers, paying little mind to word length. In the Early Modern English time frame . . . [double markings were normally used to show unique accentuation, and they don't seem to have been socially disfavored.​â (comparative, The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, fourth ed., 2000) Unordinary Superlatives Ensure your get-together is the meatiest, cheesiest, feastiest ever with our platters, cold subs, servings of mixed greens, tidbits, and desserts. (Firehouse Subs, Savannah, Georgia)- Another of Springfield’s belovedest residents has been murdered. (Kent Brockman in The Simpsons) Articulation: soo-PUR-luh-tiv

Just 8% of People Achieve Their New Years Resolutions. Heres How They Do It.

Just 8% of People Achieve Their New Years Resolutions. Heres How They Do It. Most of us do it. At the end of every year, we sit down and evaluate our choices for the past one year, identify our mistakes and our flaws, and plan on how we are going to do better in the coming year.We draw up New Year’s resolutions that we feel passionate about and that we are quite sure we are going to commit to and achieve.We are convinced that we are going to be different versions of ourselves in the coming year.That we will work out more, quit eating junk food, learn a new skill, become more assertive at work, learn a new language, spend more time with the family, quit an addiction, you name it. Below are some of the common categories for New Year’s resolutions. Source: Finder.comAt the beginning of the year, each one of us is committed to our goals for the year, but did you realize that only 8% of people who make New Year’s resolutions actually achieve them? Surprising, right?Research done by Strava, a social network for athletes, shows that most people quit on their New Year’s resolutions around January 12, which makes this date the unofficial “Quitter’s Day.”Yet there is the 8% who persevere throughout the year and confidently place a check mark against all their goals at the end of the year.How do they do it? What is their superpower? Is it something we can learn?In today’s article, we are going to take a look at how you can achieve your New Year’s resolutions and become part of this exceptional 8% of the population.Let’s dive in!PICK ONE GOAL Enthusiasm is wonderful, but too much of it can actually be detrimental. If you are like most people, here’s what happens as the year comes to a close.You are so enthused about th e coming New Year, so filled with hope and optimism that you feel that you can achieve anything you set out to do.In a burst of inspiration, you sit down and draw up a list of things you are going to change in your life over the next one year.You decide that you are going to start going to the gym, learn how to code, save for a trip to Morocco, reduce your social media usage, quit smoking, and a bunch of other goals. At this point, you are so pumped and feel like nothing can stop you.A few weeks later, however, it hits you that you have dropped all of your resolutions. You feel drained. You feel that changing your life takes too much effort, and you eventually tell yourself that New Year’s resolutions are impossible to achieve, at least to the normal, everyday person.People who always attain their New Year’s resolutions must have something you don’t, they must be special.At the end of the year, you get a burst of motivation and once again set new resolutions, but the cycle rep eats itself, every year.The problem here is not that you are not capable of following through with your resolutions. Instead, the problem is that are pursuing too many goals at the same time.Imagine if you went to the university and tried to pursue a bachelor’s degree in software engineering, another bachelor’s degree in applied medicine, and another bachelor’s degree in applied physics, all at the same time, while still trying to start a business.Is that really feasible? Unless you are a genius, you would fail in at least two of the academic disciplines, and your business would probably go bust as well.This is because you would be spreading yourself thin. You wouldn’t have enough time and dedication to dedicate to each endeavor.This is the exact same thing that happens when you try to pursue multiple New Year’s resolutions at the same time.Remember, pursuing a new goal needs lots of determination and lots of effort.When you pursue multiple goals simultaneously, you are in creasing the amount of determination and effort you need to achieve all these goals, which makes it harder for you to achieve any of them.This is the same thing that happens in the classic phenomenon known as the Paradox of Choice, which author Barry Schwartz describes so aptly in his book Paradox of Choice: Why More is Less.The point here is that narrowing down your options gives you more control.Therefore, if you want to have a good shot at achieving your New Year’s resolutions, pick one goal that will have the most impact on your life at this particular point in time, and pursue it relentlessly.It is easier to succeed when your focus all your energy on one goal than if your attention is divided between multiple goals.Once you achieve one goal, you can then focus your attention on the next one.BE SPECIFIC“I want to lose weight.”“I want to make more money this year.”“I want to travel more this year.”The above statements are good examples of the New Year’s resolution s most people come up with at the beginning of each year.On the surface, these seem like sensible resolutions. Once you take a more detailed look at them, however, you realize that they are useless.What do they even mean? How much weight do you want to lose? If you lose just one pound, is that satisfactory? How much more money do you want to make? If you add $10 to your annual income, will you have achieved your goal? Where do you want to travel to?Most of us fail to achieve our goals because we do not define them in concrete terms. Losing weight, making more money, or traveling more are not real goals. They are just aspirations. They don’t inspire action.If you want to motivate yourself and keep moving toward your goal, you must learn how to be specific.Express or quantify your goal in words or numbers that are direct, specific, and realistic.Don’t be vague.When goals are vague, it becomes easy to give up on them.When goals are specific, you know exactly what you are quitting o n, and that makes quitting more painful.Knowing what exactly you are going for gives you the motivation to keep going even when things become tough.For instance, if your goal is to lose weight, that doesn’t give much inspiration.If your goal is to lose 25 pounds, however, it is much more inspiring, because you can now imagine how your body will look like after losing 25 pounds. It also becomes much easier to keep track of your progress.After losing 10 pounds, you can pat yourself on the back and keep pushing for the next 10 pounds, and so on.On the other hand, if your goal was to simply lose weight, you could have easily given up at 5 pounds, because you would still have achieved your ‘goal,’ though you would still have failed because you probably wouldn’t notice any change in your body, which is what you actually wanted.If you want to achieve your New Year’s resolution, don’t just come up with a vague goal.Instead, make your goal as specific as possible. Instead of sayi ng you want to make more money, say you want to make an extra $10,000 this year.Specific goals will keep it you motivated and make it possible for you to track your progress, which is critical in achieving your goals.BE REALISTICGoing back to our weight loss analogy, let’s say you haven’t worked out in years.You don’t eat healthy. Your incredibly busy schedule means that you almost always grab some take out junk food at the neighborhood fast food café because you rarely have time to cook a nice, healthy meal at home.Come New Year’s, you decide that you are going to lose 50 pounds.Why 50?Well, because it is a nice round number that will sound rather impressive when you afterward say to people, “Oh, I lost 50 pounds this year.”While saying that you lost 50 pounds might sound wonderful, the truth is that this goal might be too unrealistic, given that you have not built the resilience for it.It will require a lot of changes in your life that you might not be ready for all a t once. In essence, you are jumping into the deep end from the get-go.Of course you might be one of those incredibly self-willed people, or you have a strong motivating factor driving you to attain this goal, in which case it might actually be possible to achieve such a goal.If you are like most people who struggle with great forces of resistance when trying to accomplish something, however, then it might be wiser to pick a more realistic goal.Note that I am not saying that you should aim too low.Far from that.The goal must be high enough that you will feel wonderful when you attain it, and realistic enough that you feel it is attainable.The more unattainable your goal feels, the easier it becomes for you to lose motivation.It is also good to note that setting realistic goals requires self-awareness. You have to know your strengths and weaknesses, since they determine your likelihood of achieving a particular goal within a certain time frame.CREATE A SYSTEM TO ACHIEVE YOUR GOALAnoth er thing that most people outside the exceptional 8% do is that they set goals without thinking about what it will take to achieve the goal.Going back to our weight loss analogy, people will say that they want to lose weight without taking the time to think about what they will have to do to lose weight.Will you start going for a jog each morning? Will you start going to the gym? Will you start dieting? What exactly are you going in order to lose weight?I hate to burst your bubble, but goals without a plan on how to achieve them are not goals. They are just dreams.Yet this is what most of us do. We are basically dreaming at the beginning of each year because we set goals without creating a plan on how we are going to achieve these goals.If you want to achieve your goal, think about what you need to do to achieve it.Take your goal, and reverse-engineer it to come up with the steps you need to take to achieve it.After figuring out exactly what you are going to do to achieve your goal, turn that into a system or a routine.If you do something habitually, willpower ceases to be the determining factor on whether you will keep doing it.Eventually, the habit becomes part of your character, and you start doing the action by default rather than by effort.DON’T BREAK THE CHAINA young comic once had the opportunity to talk to the great Jerry Seinfeld and he asked Seinfeld what advice he had for young comedians.Seinfeld replied that the only way to be a better comic is to create better jokes, and the only way to create better jokes is to write every day.Seinfeld then outlined his productivity system. It involves taking a large wall calendar, preferably one that shows the whole year on one page, and putting a huge X with red marker on the calendar every day that you write something.The more you write on consecutive days, the longer your chain grows. Seinfeld finished with these words of wisdom â€" “don’t break the chain.”Having a visual representation of your progre ss is a powerful motivating factor. Looking at the long, snaking chain of X’s makes you feel good about yourself. It makes you want to stay on track.You can do the same with your New Year’s resolution. After determining what you need to do on a daily basis in order to achieve your goal, put an X on the calendar for every day you get to do it.The longer the chain grows, the more motivated you will feel to keep taking action. If you cannot find a calendar, find some other form of visual proof of your progress.UNDERSTAND THE CONCEPT OF COMPOUND INTERESTAnother thing that separates the 8% of people who achieve their New Year’s resolutions year after year and those who quit on their resolutions within the first few weeks of every year is that the 8% understand the power of compound interest.They know that small but consistent action can lead to significant results.At the start of the year, most of us are quite ambitious with our resolutions and goals for the year. We set goals that are meant to challenge us in a big way, and that is totally fine.However, there is one problem. Big goals are intimidating.Let’s say, for instance, you decide that you want to save $10,000 by the end of the year. The $10,000 figure by itself might sound a bit intimidating.However, when you break it down, you will realize that to achieve this goal, you only need to save about $27 each day.Doesn’t seem so intimidating now, does it?Similarly, if you wanted to write a 30,000 word book, it might seem like such a big undertaking.However, if you committed to writing about 1000 words every day (which is being modest), your book would be ready in about a month.The 8% of people who achieve their resolutions every year understand this concept of compound interest.They know that small efforts â€" like running for 15 minutes each day, writing for an hour each day, earning an extra 50 dollars each day, and so on â€" can add up to significant results at the end of the year.Therefore, when the y set a huge goal for themselves at the beginning of the year, they don’t see the huge goal.They break it into small actions that they have to perform each day.This in turn makes it easier for them to follow through with their goals even when their motivation is low.For instance, if your goal was to lose 25 pounds, sometimes your motivation will wane, and 25 pounds might seem like an unattainable goal.However, people within the 8% won’t have to convince themselves that losing 25 pounds is attainable.They only need to convince themselves to go for a 15 minute run. It is easier to convince yourself to go for a 15 minute run that convincing yourself that you it is possible to lose 25 pounds.They know that the 15 minute runs will eventually lead to the loss of 25 pounds. If you want to become part of the 8%, you should adopt a similar mindset.UNDERSTAND THAT SETBACKS ARE OKAY, BUT DON’T QUITWhen most people hit a snag, their first instinct is to quit.They miss the gym one day and suddenly start feeling like a failure, like they will never achieve their goal.You deviate from your diet one day and suddenly you start feeling like your goal is unachievable, your motivation tanks, and you give up on your goals.If you want to achieve your goals, you must understand that setbacks are inevitable. You cannot completely avoid them.Sometimes you will come from a business trip feeling so tired that you just can’t make it to the gym.You will slip some days and deviate from your diet.However, such a slip does not mean that it is now impossible to achieve your dreams.If you didn’t work out today, tomorrow is another day.Of course, you should be consistent and relentless at pursuing your goal as much as possible, but if you slip now and then, don’t give it too much credence.Everyone has their off days, even champions.What differentiates champions from the rest of us is that they don’t allow such setbacks to discourage them. They stay in the game.Adopt that mentality and you too will be a champion and achieve your New Year’s resolutions.REMAIN TRUE TO YOURSELFTry as you might, you cannot completely keep other people from influencing some aspects of your life, especially if you have a strong clique of friends.Social media has made things even worse. When everyone on social media is posting their New Year’s resolutions, you too can feel compelled to join them and post your own resolutions.The problem is that your resolutions in this case might not come from a deeply felt desire.Perhaps the only reason you are even thinking about changing a behavior or picking up a new habit is because resolutions are trendy in January.Even worse, the goal you picked could be something you picked simply because it’s a trendy resolution, something that will impress others.Well, here’s the thing. If your resolution does not stem from your own inner desires and intentions, you will probably never achieve it.When things get tough, there is a high chance that y ou will give up on this goal because you don’t care much about it.You are only pursuing it to impress your friends and social media followers. To avoid this, you need to remain true to yourself and only set New Year’s resolutions that are truly important to you.GET AN ACCOUNTABILITY PARTNERHaving support is important, especially when you are aiming for a goal that is extremely difficult to attain. There will come moments when your motivation and determination will wane.In such instances, having someone to remind you why you started and to keep pushing you to go after your goal can be the difference between success and failure.Having an accountability partner increases your chances of achieving your New Year’s resolutions for a number of reasons.The first one is that they will encourage you to keep going after your goals even when you feel like quitting. The second one is that they are there to keep you accountable.They will call you out when they see that you are not following up with the daily actions that will help you achieve your goal. The third reason is psychological. People are more afraid of being seen as failures by others than they are of seeing themselves as failures.When no one knows your goals for the year, it doesn’t matter much, because no one will know that you failed.However, when someone knows about your goals, you will be compelled to work harder because you don’t want this person to see you as a failure.Therefore, to increase your chances of achieving your New Year’s resolutions, get an accountability partner. An accountability partner could be a friend or family member who cares about you. It could be a mentor.It could be someone you hire to keep you on track, such as a life coach. It could be someone working towards their own goal and the two of you keep each other accountable. It could also be a group, either of friends or of likeminded individuals committed to keeping each other accountable.WRAPPING UPTruth be told, followin g through and achieving your New Year’s resolutions is not an easy task. Still, it is possible, as evidenced by the 8% of people who achieve their resolutions every year.Not only will achieving your New Year’s resolutions improve the quality of your life, it will also encourage you to set and achieve even bigger resolutions.The best part is that you can also join this exceptional group of those who achieve their New Year’s resolutions by following the tips discussed above.

1927 - 1928 Academy Awards

The very first Academy Awards ceremony was held on May 16, 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel. More of a fancy dinner than the huge, staged ceremony of today, it was the beginning of a grand tradition. The Very First Academy Awards Soon after the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences was founded in 1927, a committee of seven members was given the task of creating an Academy Awards presentation. Though the idea was shelved for nearly a year due to other pressing Academy issues, the plans for an awards ceremony presented by the Awards committee were accepted in May 1928. It was decided that all films released from August 1, 1927 through July 31, 1928 would be eligible for the first Academy Awards. The Winners Were Not a Surprise The first Academy Awards ceremony was held on May 16, 1929. It was a quiet affair compared to the glamor and glitz that accompany the ceremonies of today. Since the winners were announced to the press on Monday, February 18, 1929 - three months early - the 250 people who attended the black-tie banquet in the Blossom Room of the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel werent anxious for the results to be announced. After a dinner of Filet of Sole Saute au Buerre and Half Broiled Chicken on Toast, Douglas Fairbanks, the president of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, stood up and gave a speech. Then, with the help of William C. deMille, he called the winners up to the head table and handed them their awards. The First Statuettes The statuettes that were presented to the first Academy Awards winners were nearly identical to those handed out today. Sculpted by George Stanley, The Academy Award of Merit (an Oscars official name) was a knight, made of solid bronze, holding a sword and standing upon a reel of film. The First Academy Award Winner Wasnt There! The very first person to receive an Academy Award didnt attend the first Academy Awards ceremony. Emil Jannings, the winner for best actor, had decided to go back to his home in Germany before the ceremony. Before he left for his trip, Jannings was handed the very first Academy Award. The 1927-1928 Academy Award Winners Picture (Production): WingsPicture (Unique and Artistic Production): Sunrise: A Song of Two HumansActor: Emil Jannings (The Last Command; The Way of All Flesh)Actress: Janet Gaynor (Seventh Heaven; Street Angel; Sunrise)Director: Frank Borzage (Seventh Heaven) / Lewis Milestone (Two Arabian Knights)Adapted Screenplay: Benjamin Glazer (Seventh Heaven)Original Story: Ben Hecht (Underworld)Cinematography: SunriseInterior Decoration: The Dove / The Tempest

William Shakespeare s Hamlet - 2273 Words

William Shakespeare was an English playwright, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world s pre-eminent dramatist. Shakespeare is perhaps most famous for his tragedies. Most of his tragedies were written in a seven-year period between 1601 and 1608. One of these tragedies is his famous play Hamlet. The age of Shakespeare was a great time in English history. The reign of Queen Elizabeth saw England emerge as the leading naval and commercial power of the Western world. Shakespeare lived during a remarkable period of English history, a time of relative political stability that followed and proceeded eras of extensive upheaval. Elizabeth became the Queen of England in 1558, six years before Shakespeare s birth. During her 45-year reign, London became a cultural and commercial center where learning and literature thrived. Shakespeare was a great tragic playwright. A tragedy was a drama in which the main characters are brought to ruin or suffers extreme so rrow like his famous play Hamlet. Hamlet is an amazing tragic play about revenge, anger, murder and love. According to Muir: Shakespeare s Hamlet was based on a lost play of the same title, perhaps by Shakespeare himself, perhaps by an unknown dramatist; but The Spanish Tragedy, one of the most popular Elizabethan plays, which kept its place on the stage in spite of parody, resembles Hamlet so closely that it would appear that the source -play was written by Kyd or aShow MoreRelatedHamlet : William Shakespeare s Hamlet1259 Words   |  6 PagesOmar Sancho Professor Christopher Cook English 201-0810 Hamlet Paper 23 May 2016 Hamlet Character Analysis â€Å"There is nothing either good or bad, but thinking makes it so.†(Act 2, Scene 2, 239-251) Hamlet by William Shakespeare is one of the most famous plays written that conveys a multitude theme. 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He himself insists that he has many cognitive and logical characteristics in Act I, Scene II. We are shown this when he tells the Queen, â€Å"Seems , madam? NayRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Hamlet 1333 Words   |  6 Pagesmen of Providence believe in the guidance of God or nature when making important decisions rather than the guidance of man. In William Shakespeare’s tragedy, Hamlet, he portrays his characters as having both types of qualities. Characters like Claudius, Laertes and Hamlet represent the action of men and how audacious they behave. On the other hand, Shakespeare also uses Hamlet as an example of a man of thought to display how deliberate they are. Considering how both of these types men are portrayed

Samson and delillah Free Essays

The following case study is an exploration of the Australian film Samson and Delilah which features the impact that the volatile substance abuse [VSA] of petrol sniffing has on one of the characters in the film, Samson. I have chosen him to be the basis for my client and case-study and will begin by giving a description of the character, his family life and the social context to start this case-study. I will then provide an assessment and case formulation as well as Samson’s psychosocial needs and his volatile substance abuse of petrol sniffing. We will write a custom essay sample on Samson and delillah or any similar topic only for you Order Now The substance abuse counselling model hat I would draw on is explained, as well as the usefulness for Samson in the situation that he is in. I have explained the way in which I would work with Samson and also analysed research that is relevant to Samson’s dependence on sniffing petrol and discussed any likely outcomes. In concluding this case-study I have listed any challenges that I feel he would face and identified any ethical issues that may arise. Background Information Samson is a 14 year old Indigenous Australian male who lives in a remote Aboriginal Community in the central Australian desert. Samson lives with his rothers who hang out in their run down shack, playing music from the moment that they wake up until the moment that they go to sleep. When Samson wakes up in the morning the first thing that he reaches for is his canister of petrol and starts sniffing the fumes that enable him to get high. Samson doesn’t go to school or have any direction in life, he seems to be very bored and spends his days hanging around the community, doing nothing but getting high on petrol fumes. Samson runs away from the community with his girlfriend Delilah after Samson has a violent fight with his rother and Delilah is attacked by the older women after her beloved grandmother dies. They go to the city where they camp out under a bridge, they have no money and in order to eat, and have to rely on a homeless man that they meet to feed them or steal food from the local supermarket. Delilah is kidnapped as they are both walking along which Samson is oblivious too as he is so high on petrol fumes. His girlfriend is raped and bashed by the abductors, but when she returns back to the camp Samson is unconscious on the ground, passed out from sniffing petrol. Delilah tarts sniffing petrol as well and is hit by a car as they are walking along the road, which Samson is once more oblivious too, as they are both high on petrol fumes. Delilah recovers in hospital, comes back and takes Samson to a remote property where she intends on helping him to dry out, but finds him sniffing petrol again. Assessment of Samson Samson has been heavily abusing this volatile substance to the point where he is physiologically dependent on sniffing petrol . Behave Net(2013) explain that substance dependence can be diagnosed when an individual continues to use the rug, even though there are problems associated with the use of the volatile substance. Samson has built up a tolerance to the petrol and seems to need increased amounts of this substance in order to attain the desired level of intoxication. Rassool (2009) confirms this, stating that when a body adjusts to the habitual use ot a drug, tolerance occurs as higher doses ot the substance are needed to â€Å"reproduce the desired or similar cognitive, affective or behavioural effects† (p. ). Petrol sniffing is a form of volatile solvent abuse [VSA] that is more common in isadvantaged or isolated communities which reflects the history of cultural oppression, poor health, unemployment, recreational opportunity and geographical isolation of remote Indigenous Australians( Dingwall, Lewis,Maruff ; Cairney 2010). Research has shown that 14 to 17 year old Indigenous Australian males a re more habitual in the use of VSA by using more frequently and longer than non- Indigenous users (Australian Government Department of Health and Aging Publications, 2004). High risk behaviours are associated with VSA due to the individual feeling a sense of eing invulnerable, which can cause accidents, injury and death (Cairney; Dingwall, 2010). VSA can also cause the individual to have violent outbursts towards other individuals as well as showing signs of slurred speech, confusion and stupor which can lead to seizures, brain injury and death (Australian Government Department of Health and Aging Publications, 2004). Samson is showing all the signs of chronic use of VSA in relation to his oblivion of all of the trauma that has resulted from his dependence on petrol. I feel that Samson is bored because of the lack of recreational ctivities as well as schooling, there also does not appear to be any cultural programs in place to guide him in helping him with a sense of identity, or any real family support including the sharing of the cultural knowledge of elders. Intervention Plan Although there are screening tools such as The Indigenous Risk Impact Screen and Brief Intervention Tool Kit (Amity Community Services, n. d), I feel that the best approach in helping Samson and his dependence on VSA, is to consult with community elders as he is not only a minor, but there are also a lot of cultural arriers that would make it very difficult to counsell him unless the person were specially trained. It would be especially difficult as Samson speaks his traditional language and very little English. Cairney and Dingwall (2010) find that it is hard for the problem of VSA to be managed and the impact of it to be understood by Indigenous communities as well as health and government services because of the severe cultural differences that occur between these groups. Aboriginal people have a kinship structure where immediate and extended family are seen as part of the roup and within Indigenous communities their health is seen as a collective of the emotional, social and cultural wellbeing of the community (Pattel, 2007). I have personally never worked with clients with VSA, but I feel that motivational interviewing would also benefit Samson’s brothers and their community in helping them overcome the problems of VSA. Giddens-Tracey (2005) explains that motivational interviewing is non -Judgmental and avoids confrontation, it helps to raise awareness of the problems, risks and consequences as a result of certain ehaviours, and it is also helpful in the context of treatment planning. MacLean and d’Abbs (2002) also believe that the introduction of Youth focused programs and the accessibility of basic food, shelter and education would reduce petrol sniffing, which would greatly benefit Samson if these projects were to be put in place. Cairney and Dingwall (2010) also suggest that by replacing the volatile petrol with a non-volatile fuel derivative there will be a reduction in the supply of petrol to inhale. Treatment Process I believe that the first step that would need to be taken in the process ot treating Samson is to have a doctor or health practitioner examine him for any signs of medical complications. The Australian Government Department of Health and Aging Publications (2004) suggest that when dealing with chronic VSA, it is important for â€Å"mental state, organ and neurological examination, chest x-rays, blood tests and any additional tests that may be required to assess the presence of metabolic disturbances and morbidity to other organs such as the kidneys†(p. 142). SVA has been a serious problem in many remote Aboriginal communities and there are many rograms that have been put in place to help these Indigenous youth. The volatile substance abuse program (The Australian Indigenous Health Info Net, 2013) runs for 8 weeks offering residence to individuals participating in their programs. They also travel to remote communities to work with Indigenous youth who are having problems with petrol sniffing. Although these services would be great for youth in bigger communities with elder support, I feel that Samson would be more beneficial in attending compulsory treatment Wouth workers back petrol sniffing laws†, 2009) ue to his lack of family and elder support as well as his young age. By contrast If Samson did have the support of his brothers I feel that he would benefit from Cultural programs that would give him a sense of identity that teach him the ways of his ancestors by restoring the links to his traditional culture(MacLean d’Abbs). Ethical Issues The first and foremost issue that would affect a counsellor working with Samson is their ability to be aware and respectful of any cultural differences or traditions. Westerman (2004) ,Vicary and Andrews (2001) McLennan and Khavarpour( 2004) ropose that due to non-indigenous health care workers being aware of cultural traditions and practices, many Indigenous Australians are wary of engaging in mental health services( as cited in Fan,2007). There is also the issue of gender roles in Indigenous culture, Fan(2007) also explains that it is common practice in health care to work with your same gender, so it may not be respectful for a female counsellor to work with Samson as he may feel shame, which may have a detrimental effect on his treatment and recovery process. As a counsellor there is also the ethical esponsibility of working with a minor, as Samson is only 14 years old. The Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia [PACFA] (2011) states that â€Å"Working with young people requires specific training, ethical awareness and competence. The practitioner is required to consider and assess the balance between young people’s dependence on adults and carers and their progressive development towards acting independently’ (p. 14). Therefore I feel that it would be advisable to refer Samson on to a culturally appropriate service that would be more equipped to help his needs. Conclusion In concluding this case study on a young 14 year old Indigenous Australian who is dependent on sniffing petrol we can see that Samson has built up a tolerance to the petrol and seems to need increased amounts of this substance in order to attain the desired level of intoxication. Petrol sniffing is a form of volatile solvent abuse [VSA] that is more common in disadvantaged or isolated communities which reflects the history of cultural oppression, poor health, unemployment, recreational opportunity and geographical isolation of remote Indigenous Australians. VSA can also cause the individual to nave violent outbursts towards other individuals as well as snowing signs of slurred speech, confusion and stupor which can lead to seizures, brain injury and death. The first step that would need to be taken in the process of treating medical complications. Cultural programs that would give Samson a sense of Cultural identity would benefit him greatly if he had support from his family but I feel that Samson would be more beneficial in attending a compulsory culturally appropriate service treatment due to the ethical issues surrounding his age. How to cite Samson and delillah, Papers

Stephen King the Dead Zone free essay sample

What The Future Holds While Stephen King has rightfully garnered a reputation as a horror writer, some of his best fiction revolves around stories of everyday humanity affected by elements of the supernatural, such as the Dead Zone. After awakening from a five-year coma, John Smith has come back from the ether with a clairvoyance to see certain futures and hidden pasts of others by touch alone. Opting to use his powers for good, John is alled upon for such tasks as helping the police to catch a elusive rappist. hen he shakes hands with a political candidate at a rally, he sees a future where the candidate will start a nuclear holocaust as president. Leading John to the ultimate dilemma of potentially altering the future, and perhaps even losing his life in the process. While this is a novel about a supernatural ability, and how John lives after his accident as well as how other people around him react to him and his new ability s the theme of the novel. We will write a custom essay sample on Stephen King the Dead Zone or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A reader feels for him because he comes out of his coma an altered man, alternately awed and feared by those who cannot understand what it is to receive an unwanted gift for psychic vision.. He wrestles with the possibly that assassinating the politican will lead to his probable death or his incarceration. Is the future he glimpsed even certain. The Dead Zone tackled issues to do with predestination, and what the future holds. Were things happening Just because Johnny was drawing attention to them because he thought they were going to happen, or would they have happened anyway? Should he tell people, or let nature run its course? And when he is driven to act on a vision that he thinks will affect the greater population, the big issues roll out. even if precognition probably isnt something we all need to dwell on, because King brings up other conundrums about human nature and other things for the reader to chew over.

Free Essays on Should I Change My Attitude

Introduction to Free Will and Determinism Should I Change My Attitude When I examine if I should change my attitude I feel that it is important to investigate the different influences that have formed my attitude. I have been influenced by the different values and morals that my parents, family, and teachers have taught me. My attitude has also been formed through experiences that I have had. There are also many factors that have cause changes in my attitude. Should I change my attitude? I guess when you really think about it, everyone can bear to change something about their attitude. People have different views on situations, and some are right and some are wrong. I consider myself to have a fairly open attitude to new ideas, and the ideas of others. I do not feel that I need to change my attitude overall, but I feel that there are certain aspects of my attitude that could be adjusted. "Our knowledge springs from two fundamental sources of the mind; the first is the capacity of receiving representations (the ability to receive impressions), and the second is the power to know an object through these representations (spontaneity in the production of concepts). Intuition and concepts constitute, therefore, the elements of all our knowledge." (Immanuel Kant) This quote is discussing how knowledge is formed, and this can be referred to attitude as well. Our attitude is developed from our mind, the impressions we receive, and through representation, the concepts we learn. Growing up in a small community of Northern Maine I have not been exposed to as much as someone from the city, because of this I feel it is important that I keep an open attitude when I see things that are different, or things that are new for me. In the community that I grew up in there was only one African American family, I do not consider myself to be racist, but I feel that there are a lot of people in my town who are prejudice. I feel th... Free Essays on Should I Change My Attitude Free Essays on Should I Change My Attitude Introduction to Free Will and Determinism Should I Change My Attitude When I examine if I should change my attitude I feel that it is important to investigate the different influences that have formed my attitude. I have been influenced by the different values and morals that my parents, family, and teachers have taught me. My attitude has also been formed through experiences that I have had. There are also many factors that have cause changes in my attitude. Should I change my attitude? I guess when you really think about it, everyone can bear to change something about their attitude. People have different views on situations, and some are right and some are wrong. I consider myself to have a fairly open attitude to new ideas, and the ideas of others. I do not feel that I need to change my attitude overall, but I feel that there are certain aspects of my attitude that could be adjusted. "Our knowledge springs from two fundamental sources of the mind; the first is the capacity of receiving representations (the ability to receive impressions), and the second is the power to know an object through these representations (spontaneity in the production of concepts). Intuition and concepts constitute, therefore, the elements of all our knowledge." (Immanuel Kant) This quote is discussing how knowledge is formed, and this can be referred to attitude as well. Our attitude is developed from our mind, the impressions we receive, and through representation, the concepts we learn. Growing up in a small community of Northern Maine I have not been exposed to as much as someone from the city, because of this I feel it is important that I keep an open attitude when I see things that are different, or things that are new for me. In the community that I grew up in there was only one African American family, I do not consider myself to be racist, but I feel that there are a lot of people in my town who are prejudice. I feel th...

Jump-Starts and Start-Ups

Jump-Starts and Start-Ups Jump-Starts and Start-Ups Jump-Starts and Start-Ups By Mark Nichol A reference to the name of a law called the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act pointed out to me how easily confusion is created in writers’ minds by varying treatment of hyphenated terms. The verb phrase jump-start, which originated in the 1970s as a slang term referring to the action of reenergizing the dead battery in a vehicle with a working battery in another by using cables to connect the two and create an electrical circuit, is hyphenated to distinguish it from the noun phrase â€Å"jump start†; this treatment is used in other verb phrases such as double-check, drip-dry, and hard-boil. However, many people treat both the verb phrase and the noun phrase as a closed compound: jumpstart- an understandable error, considering that style guides and writing manuals are curiously unhelpful about the topic. Dictionaries have an entry for the verb phrase, but few people, including those responsible for naming this law, bother to check. As a result, it is perhaps inevitable that jumpstart (and doublecheck, dripdry, and hardboil) will become the standard treatment. The name of the law also commits an error in its treatment of start-up. Again, such an error isn’t surprising. Yes, startup looks more likely to be pronounced â€Å"star tup† than â€Å"start up,† so the hyphen is helpful, but why, then, do we spell breakup (â€Å"brea kup†?) and makeup (â€Å"ma keup†?) without hyphens, yet shake-up is hyphenated? In the long run, such questions are moot: Before long, as with the clamped-together verbs mentioned in the previous paragraph, start-up and shake-up will likely, like breakup and makeup before them, lose their hyphens. Is that a bad thing? Such evolution is common in English: Many originally hyphenated compound nouns, such as to-day and black-bird, and nouns with prefixes, such as anti-matter, lost their hyphens along the way. Writers are increasingly omitting the hyphen from mind-set and closing it, as well as omitting the hyphen from light-year and leaving it open or closing it. What’s a careful writer to do in the midst of such evolution? Don’t contribute to the confusion: Always consult a reputable source such as a dictionary or a style guide, and use the standard treatment. But, you may protest, do I have to look up every word before I write it? No, but as I used to half-jokingly tell my students when I taught editing, if you’re not absolutely sure you’ve treated (or used) a word correctly, pretend that to err is a capital offense, and act accordingly. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:20 Great Opening Lines to Inspire the Start of Your StoryExpanded and ExtendedAppropriate vs. Apropos vs. Apt

GDP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

GDP - Essay Example increases real GDP demanded, and an increase in net taxes decreases real GDP demanded, other things remain constant. 4) Give short definitions of both the IS and LM curves and briefly explain how this model can help economists understand the interaction between the goods and money markets. Show how the IS and LM curves can be derived and explain how equilibrium is reached. The IS curve describes the combination of interest rates and output that clear the goods and services market in the short run. The goods and services market is said to clear when spending by consumers, firms, the government (and foreigners if an open economy) on goods and services equals the production of goods and services. The basic equation for the IS curve in a closed economy is closely related to the national income accounting identity Y = C+I+G, where Y is GDP The LM curve summarizes all the combinations of income and interest rates that equate money demand and money supply. The LM curve in conjunction with the IS curve will help pin down the interest rate in the economy. It is well known that establishing the elasticity of the IS and LM curves provides basic information about the predicted outcome of fiscal and monetary policies in a given model, with a combination of inelastic LM and elastic IS implying fiscal crowding out and potent monetary policy, whereas elastic LM and inelastic IS lead to potent fiscal and weak monetary effects. Estimation of these locuses 5) Distinguish between monetary base and broad money. Explain what role commercial banks have in the creation of broad money. What implications does this have for monetary control The monetary base consists of the liabilities of central bank of a country which...Show how the IS and LM curves can be derived and explain how equilibrium is reached. 6) Distinguish between different kinds of unemployment. What kind of unemployment can be reduced by supply side policies and what specifically could those policies be Use a diagram to explain these policies 1) Using the Keynesian model of injections and withdrawals in the goods market, explain what happens if people decides to save more at any level of income. Make sure you express the process of adjustment and assess what implications the results may have for policy.

Gucci examine how brand theories or models apply in practice to the Essay

Gucci examine how brand theories or models apply in practice to the organisation assess how they use differentiated or undifferentiated marketing strategies f - Essay Example The main marketing strategy of Gucci is "designed to maintain a high profile and consistent visibility". This involves constant marketing of its products and image, which keeps the company constantly discernible to customers and the fashion world. To achieve this, Gucci has started increasing communications expenditure in the last 3 years, and is planning on continuing the increase of its marketing budget. Gucci's products and marketing methods are not tailored according to national needs or customs. It aims at reaching the growing global market segment of the rich and "newly rich", among which groups a homogenization of taste for luxury products has been detected. This group is a true example of the emergent phenomena of the global marketplace, where needs and perceived benefits are common from the USA to Europe to Japan. This global market segment's price elasticity is low, meaning that they are not affected by changes in prices. They see price as an irrelevant factor, and shop for luxurious, high quality brand names. I once read a report that quoted the CEO of a luxury goods company, as he stated that it is simpler to increase prices of luxury goods than to lower them, as this is what consumers expect. Since Gucci has several rival firms on a glo... Since Gucci has several rival firms on a global scale, it coordinates its marketing activities with careful timing and placement to achieve maximal penetration of its core message: the luxurious and fashionable image of all Gucci products. Gucci advertises in national and international fashion, lifestyle and business magazines. Advertisements are timed to appear at the start of buying seasons, where customers will be looking for fashion items to purchase for the coming season. This is effective use of advertising, since the ads appear at times of the year when customers are open to receive such messages. Direct Marketing Gucci publishes product catalogues and makes them available to existing and potential customers. These catalogues should be sent out via mail to the companies customers, and be reachable by potential customers at e.g. prestigious hair saloons, etc. Direct mail should also be sent to the wealthier people in each of the countries where Gucci pursues business activities, thereby making it convenient for the potential customers to familiarize themselves with Gucci products and even order through the order sheets provided in the catalogues. Gucci has set up PR offices in the fashion capitals of the world. Their job it to make local and international fashion press deal with Gucci as much as possible. (Silverstein, 2005, 155-63) Holding four seasonal fashion shows yearly, where the newest Gucci models are unveiled, also backs this. These shows are also good opportunities to appear in fashion press and other magazines. Image Tom Ford, the creative director of Gucci has been molding the company's image at his will. Gucci sells an attitude, as does all fashion today. Fashion is all about beauty, desire and sex and this is why Gucci's image is so

Malaria Essay -- essays research papers fc

Malaria (also called biduoterian fever, blackwater fever, falciparum malaria, plasmodium, Quartan malaria, and tertian malaria) is one of the most infectious and most common diseases in the world. This serious, sometimes-fatal disease is caused by a parasite that is carried by a certain species of mosquito called the Anopheles. It claims more lives every year than any other transmissible disease except tuberculosis. Every year, five hundred million adults and children (around nine percent of the world’s population) contract the disease and of these, one hundred million people die. Children are more susceptible to the disease than adults, and in Africa, where ninety percent of the world’s cases occur and where eighty percent of the cases are treated at home, one in twenty children die of the disease before they reach the age of five. Pregnant women are also more vulnerable to disease and in certain parts of Africa, they are four times as likely to contract the disease a nd only half as likely to survive it. The most common sites of malaria-carrying mosquitoes is in tropical and subtropical areas with warm climates. Also, there must be a source of water, such as a lake, ocean, or stream, because this is where the mosquitoes breed. While Africa is the site of most malaria cases, there are a few other countries that account for some of the malaria cases. In fact, in 1990, seventy-five percent of all recorded malaria cases outside Africa were condensed in nine countries, which were India, Brazil, Afghanistan, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, Indonesia, and China. There was once a small malaria epidemic in the United States. It occurred mainly in Army families. This was because U.S. troops in other countries were not on the proper medication, contracted the disease, and brought it back to the United States. Malaria in humans is caused by four species of protozoa, sophisticated one-celled organisms, that can infect red blood cells. These four species are called Plasmodium falciparum, plasmodium vivax, plasmodium malariae, and plasmodium ovale. The worst cases are caused by the Plasmodium falciparum species, which is also the species with the most resistance to drugs. To contract malaria, a mosquito, but not just any mosquito must bite a human. The only type of mosquito that can infect humans with the malaria virus is the Anopheles mosquito. While there are... ...cceptable consequence to keeping hundreds of human lives. Currently, there are a few different research projects dealing with malaria. For example, Dr. D. Lalloo is working on a project investing the effects of malaria in adolescents. Professor D. H. Molyneux is doing a research project on the effects of malaria on the HIV virus. Professor M. E. Molyneux is working on a project looking at diseases connected with malaria. There are also many other research projects investigating other aspects of malaria, such as a vaccine for this deadly disease. While malaria is a curable disease if noticed early enough, there are still hundreds and hundreds of deaths due to malaria every year. This is because not everyone has access to the medicines that can be used to prevent this awful disease. In the last couple of years, a lot of progress has been made in developing a cure or vaccine for malaria. Hopefully, one will be developed within the next few years. Works Cited World Book Millenium 2000, pages 95-96 The New Complete Medical and Health Encyclopedia Volume Two, pages 591-593 Encyclopedia of Family Health, pages 993-996 www.malaria.org www.cdc.gov www-micro.msb.le.ac.uk/224/Malaria.html

Communication Challenges in Global Virtual Teams Essay

Communication Challenges in Building Successful Global Virtual Teams Due to Diversity and Cultural Differences Abstract This paper introduces an approach to effectively communicate within a global virtual team by discussing the challenges faced by them, understanding cultural differences in communicating, diversity within a team, building trust in virtual communication, and communicating across different regions and time zones. This approach appears in many discussions surrounding the difficulties managers and team members have in communicating effectively in global virtual teams. Specifically, this paper evaluates how the diversity of a global virtual team makes it challenging to communicate when members are not present face to face and adhering to the different regions and time zones these members are located. It will also examine the challenges in understanding the different cultures amongst a team and how to effectively build trust by researching, acknowledging, and understanding these cultural differences and communicating them to the team in a virtual environment. Communicating Challenges in Building Successful Global Virtual Teams Due to Diversity and Cultural Differences In today’s economy, many organizations must expand their operations globally in order to remain competitive and to stay afloat. With this business model companies have to develop teams across all functions of the organization and in all regions of the globe in which the company operates. For these companies, many have set up global virtual teams to manage processes and implement any projects or company initiatives with other employees of the organization. However with these teams come many obstacles and challenges definitely in communicating across cultural differences, understanding the diversity of the team and communication management within the different regions and time zones. Various authors (Danielle, 2006; Kayworth, 2000; Lee-Kelley, 2008 to name a few) have noted that these groups consisting of dispersed members across the globe and accumulated from various cultural backgrounds have an impact on how effective global virtual teams can be. Kayworth determines that there are four main challenges that global virtual teams face; which are communication, culture, technology, and project management. This paper observes the difficulties that virtual teams face within their communication efforts, analyzing the diversity of team members and the obstacles of communicating across different regions and times zones. As well as it takes an extensive look at the cultural differences that consists of these virtual teams and the challenge of building trust amongst a dispersed group. And in order for a global virtual team to operate effectively, managers and the members must research the different cultural backgrounds of its members, understand the communication challenges they face, and utilize them accordingly in order to build trust amongst the team to fulfill their goals that they place ahead of them. Defining Global Virtual Teams There are many authors that have provided definitions of global virtual teams, Lee-Kelley (2008) mentions that Towsend along with Lipnack and Stamps define a virtual team as a group that is geographically dispersed and utilize telecommunication and information technology as forms to communicate and perform. Lee-Kelley also refers to Alge, Balosky, Christensen, and Davis’ definition that virtual teams are typically a group that are dispersed who use various sources of information technology to communicate. In the case of these definitions, there is a lack of emphasis on the concept of team, but further definitions tie in this concept and place more value on the aspect of team. Cascio’s and Shurygailo’s mentioning of multiple-relationships in global virtual teams, by referring to the number of manager’s involved, number of team members, and number of locations. Many researchers in this field do not reference a specified distance in which team members must be apart to classify as virtual team, but as Lee-Kelley stated it is a psychological reality versus sociological that team members conceptually define themselves in a virtual team. In sum, there are many definitions that agree on the structure, form and characteristics of a virtual team and the members it consist of, but there is a lack of consensus amongst them. This lack of consensus on the definition of a global virtual team has also brought up the discussions of the challenges in communication that these virtual teams face, thus prompting this research. Time Zones and Work Schedules One of the initial challenges of global virtual teams is the complicated work schedules of its team members in their respective regions. Settle-Murphy (2006) notes when working in a synchronous mode (Instant Message, telephone, video conference), some remote team members are forced to work at awkward times. This alone is one the most consistent challenges that managers and teams have to overcome. When is the optimal time for virtual teams that span across various time zones to meet? A manager and its team have to take in consideration the different work weeks as well as the time difference. Consistently in many western civilizations, the standard work week is predominately Monday through Friday, utilizing Saturday and Sunday as business days off in order to tend to personal matters and observance of the religious day that is most affluent in that region and culture. Where in many eastern civilizations the work week is Sunday through Thursday, and they utilize Friday and Saturday as their days off. This difference is not only restricted to western/eastern civilization, but ultimately applies to the different cultures that make up the team, the different religions, and time of year. Being cognitive of this challenge and addressing it in an applicable manner is crucial to the effectiveness of a global virtual team. It is an evident obstacle in scheduling team meetings via information technology applications (i. e. teleconferencing, video-conferencing, etc). This is one challenge that can easily be addressed by the manager’s and team’s awareness of these work week schedule differences along with the cultural and religious difference of its team members. Another issue that global virtual teams encounter is conducting meetings across the various time zones of its members. There is no exact corporate standard or guidelines on how and when meetings should be conducted in order to accommodate all members of the virtual team. Settle-Murphy states that in order to reduce this challenge as an obstacle to building trust and team success, a team should agree when same time meetings are necessary, and consider rotating the times to share the burden of working during normal sleep time. The managers and team members should also consider which work can be done asynchronously (e. g. via email or a shared workplace) to allow all team members to work at the most convenient times. This approach can be highly effective because it is apparent that the manager and other team members have taken into consideration each other’s differences of location, culture, and business practices, and simultaneously addressing the challenge of building trust. By researching, understanding, and being respectful of the team members and their time, the cohesiveness of the group is established quickly and strengthened, which is also a challenge to overcome in global virtual teams. Communication and Behavioral Differences In the article â€Å"Working Together Apart,† Zakaria, Almelinckx, and Wilemon (2004) state that, â€Å"managers have often under-valued the profound influence of culture on knowledge conceptualization and transfer. Suggesting that knowledge sharing is often facilitated by communication that involves the exchange of meaning and that the process of communicating is dynamic, multifaceted and complex† (p. 17). Zakaria et al. , also suggest that cultural conditioning has a major affect on the evaluation of experience as well as how information and knowledge in global virtual teams is conveyed and learned. In short, cultural influences play a major role in communication and behavioral differences. This concept is another major challenge that global virtual teams face when striving to reach their end goal. Conveying a clear message is only one challenge, the difficult part is conveying that message so that it reaches each individual affectively according to their unique cultural and behavioral background and how to convey organizational messages across global virtual teams has consensually been done through technology. Global virtual teams that use information and communication technologies and exclude social or physical presence and rely on depersonalized forms of communications between its team members (Zakaria et al. ,2007). One can argue that this hinders the creation of a knowledge-sharing culture, yet over time, the exclusion of social and physical presence can possibly strengthen working relationships that normally would not form in a more traditional work setting. Utilizing technology as the form of communication takes out a lot of subtle communication aspects that are experienced when working within a team in a more traditional framework. An example of this is the use of non-verbal communication or cues. The absence of non-verbal communication may cause difficulties for those global virtual team members’ cultures that rely on body language, gestures and facial expressions for vital communication. For example, in high-context cultures, people value these subtle and indirect communications. Visual communication like a nod, smile, posture, voice and eye contact provide important indications and meanings to establish understanding of what is trying to be communicated. The usage of verbal and non-verbal communication is important when working together in a team. Global virtual teams usually lack the ability to rely on these communication manners because of their reliability on technology in order to communicate and therefore it is difficult to build cohesiveness and trust within the team. Zakaria et al. , states that: â€Å"Technology is simply a tool that needs human operations, no matter how sophisticated the technology can be, the implementation of technology has the potential to fail if insufficient considerations are given from the user perspectives† (p. 19). This brings up the topic of what is appropriate and what is not when communicating to and within global virtual teams. In the majority of information and communicated technology-mediated environments where team members are dispersed geographically and are culturally diverse, the usual form of communication is electronically, and the preferred language of use is English. Studies have shown that native and non-native English speakers exhibit culture-based differences in meanings of terminology, structure and format. A key example of this is the usage of terms and slang. When members use terms and slang words, the intended meaning can be obscured due to cultural differences and can hinder knowledge management and effectiveness. Another area for potential conflict in information communication is the actual language itself. For those teams that use English, individuals need to be aware of the English language variation in intra-team electronic communication. This particularly pertains to the tone, style, formality, salutations and closings and that they need to be aware that there are substantial sociolinguistic and grammatical variations within the global English-speaking community and will have a significant impact on intra-team communications. In order to successfully facilitate the cross-cultural collaboration and communication, the team members must be aware of these subtle differences and acknowledge them when relaying organizational messages. Since the use of electronic communication technology has the capacity to reduce or overcome certain cultural challenges within a global virtual team, these forms of technologies can facilitate intra-team interaction. It also introduces a shared-framework, a virtual work setting that can build intra-team respect, trust, reciprocity and positive individual and group relationships. Therefore, understanding the communication and behavioral differences when communicating electronically to the team members can put the team in the position to work through the challenges that lie within a global virtual team. The Importance of Developing Trust For global virtual teams, building trust is one of the essential factors in developing a successful team. Since global virtual teams consist of many cultures that make up the entity as well as a geographically dispersed entity, there is a high risk of potential misunderstandings and mistrust. So the question that many virtual teams face is how to develop trust. Many researchers contend that in order to develop trust, a group must facilitate face to face interactions in order to build trust. These face to face interactions allow people to relate to each other or â€Å"click† as many of the new generation say. However, this may not have enough grounds to develop strong trust within a team if the members do not understand each other and/or the nature of the team itself. As Roberts observed, â€Å"the development of trust, whether on a local or international basis, requires more than face to face contact or its technological and spatially indifferent substitute video-conferencing ellipses, trust depends on the sharing of a set of socially embedded values, cultural institutions and expectations† (Roberts, 2000, p. 6). In order for global virtual teams to be effective, there must be intra-group trust as well as trust between management and team members and vice versa. Jarvenpaa, S. L. , and Leidner, D. E. 1999) infer that virtual teams have no time to gradually develop trust and therefore require a high degree of â€Å"swift trust† to be demonstrated by enthusiastic and proactive team members’ behaviors. So how do cross-cultural members form swift trust? Jarvenpaa and Leidner suggest that the virtual team members would import the expectations of trust from other settings that they are familiar with. It is also important to note tha t if an individual team member’s cultural stereotypes are flawed, biased or incomplete, this technique may be problematic. Once communication is developed between members, trust could be maintained by actions that are highly dynamic, proactive and enthusiastic. Such active communication must be premised on accurate cultural knowledge to be effective. Therefore swift trust is made possible because when cross-cultural teams work in a virtual environment, they bring their knowledge, competence and expertise not only to meet the goals that are set but also about the other team members’ and their cultures in order to ensure the success of the team. Not only is this necessary for the members of the team but it also necessary for the leaders of the team to establish this swift trust. As noted from Zakaria and Leidner, there are two behavioral categories that form cross-cultural trust. First, credibility where one individual believes that the other individual has the capabilities, competence, expertise and resources to make a successful exchange that meets expectations. Note that when working in cross-cultural teams, the work expectation of a person in culture A is different from the expectations of a person in culture B. This can be challenging in implementing swift trust in global virtual teams, but it can be overcome if the expectations are set by the managers or leaders and are clearly communicated to all team members. The second factor that Zakaria and Leidner discuss is benevolence, the beliefs about the emotional aspects of the referent’s behavior like positive intention to exchange. These beliefs include a referent’s good will so that they would participate in the better good of the team rather than jeopardize the exchange outcome. This may result in some challenges to the team because swift trust does not focus a lot on interpersonal relationships. Rather it places more emphasis on the initial broad social structures. Therefore in order for swift trust to be implemented successfully, team members must maintain a high level of actions, regardless of their cultural preferences and differences. But team members should also appreciate, understand and respect the cultural differences that make up the team in order to truly succeed in a global virtual team. Conclusion Through research of many articles and publishing’s regarding the topic of communication in global virtual, building trust has been the one subject that has been consistently addressed. Mockaitis, A. I. , Rose, E. L. nd Zetting, P. (2009) suggest that the development of trust in the context of multicultural global virtual teams is related to aspects of culture, conflict, task interdependence and communication. A team whose members are more collective in nature rather than distant tend to report more positive results of developing trust within the group, this impli es that culture matters. It is important for all team members to understand and respect the cultures of the other individuals. Although team members’ personal cultural values have consistent predictive power it is suggested that it displays very little value in developing trust within the group. Initially since communication amongst the team is done virtually and not face to face, it is important to establish trust among the group. But as the team develops the factors for cultural differences and diversity tend to become less important to the success of the group. The findings of Mockaitis et al. , show that cultural diversity does not appear to serve as a barrier to trust, even as differences become apparent through communication, but it can play a crucial role in developing that trust. Therefore along with cultural differences, communication is extremely important for the development of trust within a global virtual team.

Lord of the Flies Analysis Essay - 1025 Words

Chris Sani Alexopoulos English 2 7th period October 2, 2012 Study of savagery through the novel Lord of the Flies â€Å"Isolation is a dream killer† (Barbara Sher). In the novel Lord of the Flies written by William Golding, kids stranded on an island must figure out how to survive. By hunting pigs and building shelters the kids tried to subsist on the island. Through the process of hunting, the kids became cruel, evolving to the point of being barbaric. Thus, through the barbaric actions of the boys and the outside world, Golding shows that savagery exists in all people. To begin, the barbaric actions of the boys, shows that savagery exists in all people. After the first successful hunt, the mock ceremony of Robert playing the pig†¦show more content†¦This teaches the other kids that in killing and hunting are just fun games. â€Å"[Ralph], they are going to hunt you tomorrow,† says one of the twins, and he tells Ralph, â€Å"Roger is sharpening a stick at both ends† (Golding 190). This final stage begins at the point where Jack plans on hunting Ralph. This hunt shows the full evolution of the kids into barbaric boys. The opaque idea of how kids could want to kill their own kind holds much gravity in it, something that their savagery obscures to the kids. Without even telling the details, Golding shows that throughout the whole book the unknown savagery from inside these kids is truly evolving in to the nightmare world. The fact that Roger even sharpens a stick at both ends shows Roger thinking that killing Ralph as a game bec ause of the savagery obscuring the kids. Many of the kids are blinded by savagery as they hunt for Ralph. Through the barbaric actions of Robert getting hurt by his friends, the ferocity shown as they murdered of the sow, and finally the hunt for Ralph, Golding shows that savagery exists in all people. In addition to the barbaric actions of the boys, which include Robert getting hurt, the murdering of the sow and the hunt for Ralph, Golding also shows us that savagery exists in all people through the effects of war in the outside world. The plane filled with kids â€Å"was [under attack],† and as Piggy looksShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Lord Of The Flies 889 Words   |  4 PagesRandall English-4 15 April 2016 LOTF Literary Analysis Stranded on an island, a group of boys have the choice to be civil or savage. In Lord of the Flies, by William Golding, British schoolboys are marooned on an island. They voted Ralph to be the leader in an effort to remake the culture that they had left behind, accompanied by the intelligent Piggy as counselor. But Jack wants to be the leader too, and he individually lures all of the boys away from civility to the brutal survivalism of huntersRead MoreAnalysis Of The Lord Of The Flies 1004 Words   |  5 PagesBrandon Lawrence Mrs.Brown English 3 October 2017 Character Analysis Hidden meaning can be found in many different places. They can be in poems, novels, murals, paintings, and even in everyday life. Hidden meanings are there to challenge the reader, to make them think and really analyze the work. In the case of the novel â€Å"The Lord of The Flies,† by William Golding, the hidden meaning comes to us in the form many of his characters. One of them is Jack. Jack started off like everyone else equalRead MoreAnalysis Of The Lord Of The Flies 1533 Words   |  7 Pagesmockery by saying, â€Å"You come to me equipped with a sword, spear, and javelin, but I come to you in the name of the Lord, the same Lord that you have been ridiculing. David then withdrew a stone and slings it towards Goliath, striking him in the forehead and brings the giant to his death. David proves that regardless to whatever challenges one faces, as long as you have faith in the Lord and approach each in Jesus name, He will fight your battle and give you the victory. David was a small boy facingRead MoreAnalysis Of Lord Of The Flies 1482 Words   |  6 Pagespersonal experiences by being confronted with other people’s personal experiences. Tolerance enables us to accept others rather than isolate them which is evident in the novel â€Å"Lord of the flies†. Tolerance allows us to understand other perspectives and empathise with others around us. This is shown in the book Lord of the Flies where Ralph helps Piggy build up his confidence. Ralph empathises with Piggy and works with him to strengthen his lack of inclusion and self esteem. He does this so that oneRead MoreAnalysis Of Lord Of The Flies 1581 Words   |  7 PagesAlbert Einstein once said, â€Å"The world will not be destroyed by those who do evil, but by those who watch them without doing anything.† In Lord of the Flies there are many types of people, the evil, the in between, and the good. Known by Sigmund Freud as the Id, the Ego, and the Superego. The Id is the more dominate character, they want what they want and do not care about reality or societal norms. The Ego is the balance of the desires of the Ids, and the realities of the Superegos. Lastly the SuperegoRead MoreLord of the Flies Comparative Analysis949 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Lord of the Flies Comparat ive Analysis Angela Boui Throughout the book â€Å"Lord of the Flies† several different universal themes occurred. Not just in this book but in movies and TV shows as well. The different themes all show morals surrounding situations both good and bad. One main theme that is present is how people abuse power when it is not earned. This happens because people crave power and they want to be in control. In the following paragraphs, different themes will be linked with theRead MoreAnalysis Of Lord Of The Flies 1058 Words   |  5 PagesIn the popular novel, Lord of the Flies, there are many elements to the story that are not seen when just viewed from the surface. In order to understand these ideas, we have to dive deeper and really analyze the characters in the story. When you do this, a very important theme will arise and that is the very different personality types of the boys on the island. These personality types can be explained using Freud’s psychoanalytic theory of personality. His th eory explains that there are threeRead MoreAnalysis Of Lord Of The Flies 1605 Words   |  7 PagesIntro: Give title and author. Background. In Lord of the Flies by John Steinback a group of young boys are stranded on an island. To survive the boys decided to vote who should be their leader, Ralph or Jack. Piggy is a smart, fat boy who is not respected by the boys. Ralph is the face of leadership but not the best for the job compared to Piggy. Piggy is the brains behind Ralph who gives the essential idea to further progress the island. Ralph is the face of leadership and according to everyoneRead MoreAnalysis Of Lord Of The Flies 1610 Words   |  7 PagesSathyapriya Saravanan Wilkinson English 10 Honors; Period 1 4 November 2016 Everyone Wears One: Masks in Lord of the Flies â€Å"We all have a social mask, right? We put it on, we go out, put our best foot forward, our best image. But behind that social mask is a personal truth, what we really, really believe about who we are and what we re capable of† (Phil McGraw) one once said. In Lord of the Flies the characters wear a social mask that opposes their true feelings. Written by William Golding, the storyRead MoreAnalysis Of Lord Of The Flies 912 Words   |  4 Pagesexpression†, according to bullyingstatistics.org. It has also been shown that those who are bullied themselves often go on to bully others because it is all they know, or that bullying covers up their own shames. The character Jack Merridew in Lord of the Flies is not evil like many would argue, but rather is ashamed of the fact that he is gay and closeted. This is supported by the hunter’s casting off of religion and government, Jack’s inability to hunt unless in front of other boys, and the beast